What Are Cataracts and Glaucoma?
Cataracts occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, preventing light from focusing clearly on the retina and causing blurred vision. They are closely linked to aging and are the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide.
Glaucoma refers to a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Without timely treatment, glaucoma can lead to irreversible vision loss and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally.
Why Are They Called 'Silent Enemies'?
Both conditions often show no obvious symptoms in their early stages. Cataract-related vision decline is gradual, and many people mistake it for presbyopia. Glaucoma, on the other hand, may cause no discomfort at all until significant visual field loss occurs—by which time the damage is already irreversible.
Who Is at Risk and What to Watch For
- High risk for cataracts: Older adults, people with diabetes, those with prolonged UV exposure, and smokers.
- High risk for glaucoma: People with a family history, high myopia, hypertension, or long-term use of steroid medications.
- Common cataract signs: Blurry vision, poor night vision, faded colors, and frequent prescription changes.
- Common glaucoma signs: Eye pain or pressure, halos around lights, and narrowing field of vision (tunnel vision).
How to Protect Your Vision
Regular eye exams are essential for early detection. Adults over 40 should have their eye pressure and optic nerve checked annually. A healthy lifestyle—controlling blood sugar and blood pressure, quitting smoking, and wearing UV-protective sunglasses outdoors—can also reduce your risk.
The Xiaoshu Health App can sync with Apple Health to track relevant metrics, helping you record vision changes and health data for your eye doctor's reference.